{slide=Answer Key (Please Post your answer before seeing the key)
{tab=Key}
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. B
{tab=More details}
1. Popular belief in the United States is that an early life of hardship and poverty made Abraham Lincoln to be the great leader he was.
an early
made
to be ==> to be (get rid of it!)
Pattern: make + noun + complement
In this case, we have:
made + Abraham Lincoln + leader
and leader modifies Abraham Lincoln
he was
2. According to the scientific method, a scientist must consider ______ outcome.
any outcome and to be a possible
any outcome and the possible
any outcome a possibility
any outcome a possible
Pattern: consider + noun + (to be) + complement
This one is similar to #1. This particular type of question is one of the most commonly missed ones, and will get you high points on the CBT!! So remember this one!
3. After her death in 1986 many documentaries ______ Georgia O'Keeffe were produced.
related the life and work of
to relate life and work
life and working to relate
relating the life and work of
relating modifies documentaries; we can also call this a reduced adjective clause.
4. ______ the passage of light, many new plastics are processed using technologies rivaling those used in the manufacture of computer chips.
To better permit
Infinitive of purpose. We are explaining why plastics are processed in this way, so we should use the infinitive of purpose.
Permitting better
For the better of
It is better for
5. The architecture exhibited in the Empire State Building and conveyed us an idea of the prevailing attitudes of the day is important for the historical and cultural value it represents.
conveyed ==> conveying
The perennial problem: Do I use -ing or -ed? Here we need the -ing form because architecture is the subject of the verbal conveying.
I (Erin Billy) wrote this problem this way because I noticed that many of my students were missing real TOEFL questions (just like this one) because they were simply matching the Ed form in conveyed with the Ed form in exhibited and assuming it was correct that way.
Nope! Not a good strategy--you'll miss the harder questions if you do that!!
prevailing
is
it represents
6. In 2001 George W. Bush, Jr., entered his first year office
as President of the United States.
In 2001
entered
office ==> of office
Gotta have this preposition!
as President
7. Similar in climate and geography many northeastern cities is Portland, the largest city in Oregon.
in
many ==> to many
Preposition combination: similar + to
This one's a little bit tricky because the similar and the to are separated by in climate and geography, but the rule is the same.
is
largest
8. Uranium, ______ , is an exceedingly rare and potentially dangerous element.
to found in trace quantities
found in trace quantities
Same problem again. -ing or Ed? -ing or Ed? -ing or Ed? It never ends... Anyway, Erin Billy says that we need the Ed form here because uranium is the object of the verbal found.
finding in trace quantities
to be found in trace quantities
9. The Flower Market in San Francisco is ______, and was established in the 1930's.
home to the country's second largest flower market
home to is a fixed phrase and means something like "the location of."
Home of the second largest flower market in the country
This one's almost correct, but we'd have to use the with home since home of is NOT a fixed phrase.
the second flower market in the country's home of
the home to the second country's large flower market
10. Because of extensive research in the field of genetic engineers, scientists can now create plants that farmers can grow in harsh climates.
research
engineers ==> engineering
Word form. We're talking about the subject, not the people.
farmers
harsh
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